Input and Output

Input
Input is any data and instructions entered into the memory of a computer. People have a variety of options for entering input into a computer. Data is a collection of unprocessed text, numbers, images, audio and video. Once data is in memory, the computer interprets and executes instructions to process the data into information. Instructions entered into the computer can be in the form of programs, commands and user responds.
An input device is any hardware component that allows users to enter data and instructions into a computer. Depending on the application and your particular requirement, the input device selected may vary.
The following are the examples of some of the input
1. Keyboard and pointing devices
2. Gaming and media player controllers
3. Voice Input
4. Input for PDAs, Smart Phones and Tablet PCs
5. Video Input

Output
Output is data that has been processed into a useful form. That is, computers process data (input) into information (output). A computer generates several types of output, depending on the hardware and software being used and the requirements of the user.
Users view or watch output on a screen, print it or hear it through speakers, headphones, or earphones. Monitors, notebook computers, Tablet PCs, portable media players, PDAs, and smart phones have screens that allow users to view documents, Web sites, e-mail messages, pictures, videos, movies and other types of output. Some printers produce black-and-white documents and others produce brilliant colors, enabling users to print color documents, photographs and transparencies. Through the computer’s speakers, headphones or earphones, users listen to sounds, music, and voice messages.
While working with a computer, a user encounters four basic categories of output: text, graphics, audio and video. Very often, a single form of output, such as Web page, includes more than one of these catrgories.

Can you classify the application software need for communication with some example?

Application software is actually consists of programs designed to make users more productive and, or assist them with personal tasks. It is widely used relatedly to communications such as Web browser. Web Browser allows users with an Internet connection to access and view Web Pages. Examples of web browser are Internet Explorer, Fire fox, Safari and etc. Many other types of application software include word processing software, spreadsheet software, database software and presentation graphics software.

These are some history about the communication software application
E-mail started in 1965 as a way for multiple users of a time-sharing mainframe computer to communicate. Basic text chat functionality has existed on multi-user computer systems and bulletin board systems since the early 1970s. In the 1980s, a terminal emulator was a piece of software necessary to log into mainframes and thus access e-mail. Prior to the rise of the Internet, computer files were exchanged over dialup lines, requiring ways to send binary files over communication systems that were primarily intended for plain text; programs implementing special transfer modes were implemented using various de facto standards, most notably Kermit. In 1985 the first decentralized chat system was created called Bitnet Relay, whereas Minitel probably provided the largest chat system at the same time. In August 1988 the Internet Relay Chat followed. CU-SeeMe was the first chat system to be equipped with a video camera. Instant messaging featuring a buddy list and the notion of online presence was introduced by ICQ in 1996. In the days of the Internet boom, web chats were very popular, too. Voice over IP is only taking off now